![]() The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped). The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence the verb of perception is put into passive voice. – Women are said to live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.Īlthough Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.Įxample: They say that women live longer than men. say, think, know).Įxample: They say that women live longer than men. In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception ( e. g. Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive. Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.Įxample: They build houses. Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.Īs you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level: intermediate the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)Įxamples of Passive Level: lower intermediate TenseĮxamples of Passive Level: upper intermediate Tense.the finite form of the verb is changed ( to be + past participle).the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: 19–20.Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs) ![]() Securities and Exchange Commission, Plain English Handbook, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. Redish, Janice C., How to Write Regulations and Other Legal Documents in Clear English, 1991, American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC, p. Office of the Federal Register, Document Drafting Handbook, 1998, p. Murawski, Thomas A., Writing Readable Regulations, 1999, Carolina Academic Press Durham, NC, pp. Garner, Bryan A., Garner's Modern American Usage, 2003, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, pp. ![]() Garner, Bryan A., Legal Writing in Plain English, 2001, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. Garner, Bryan A., A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage, 2nd edition, 1995, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, pp. and Charrow, Robert P., Clear & Effective Legal Writing, 4th edition, 2007, Aspen Publishers, New York, NY, pp. “If you do not pay the royalty on your mineral production, your lease will be terminated.” SourcesĬharrow, Veda R., Erhardt, Myra K. You might also use passive when it doesn’t matter who is doing an action. For example, when one action follows another as a matter of law, and there is no actor (besides the law itself) for the second action, a passive sentence may be the best method of expression. In a few instances, passive voice may be appropriate. Use passive voice when the law is the actor
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